Eligibility Details:
Inclusion Criteria for anxious subjects:
1. Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) score ≥ 8
2. Anxiety Sensitivity Index 3 (ASI-3) score of ≥ 23
3. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnosis of an anxiety
disorder or PTSD as determined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
(MINI Version 6.0)
4. Comorbid conditions are acceptable (except those listed in the exclusion criteria).
Inclusion Criteria for healthy subjects:
1. Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) score < 4
2. Anxiety Sensitivity Index 3 (ASI-3) score < 13
3. No DSM-V diagnoses as determined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
(MINI Version 6.0) and no history of neurological or psychiatric issues.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Has any of the following DSM-V disorders:
1. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
2. Bipolar and Related Disorders
2. Is currently being treated for their psychiatric condition as an inpatient
3. Active suicidal ideation with intent or plan
4. Participant is morbidly obese (BMI > 40) or underweight (BMI < 17).
5. Certain drugs or medications consumed within the past week including any psychoactive
drugs (e.g., MDMA, LSD, psilocybin, peyote, phencyclidine, ketamine). For all other
medications, the participant will be required to be stably medicated prior to
participation (defined as having taken the medication for 6 weeks or longer).
6. Participant has a history of unstable liver or renal insufficiency; glaucoma;
diabetes; significant and unstable cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal,
endocrine, neurologic, hematologic, rheumatologic, or metabolic disturbance; or any
other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make participation not
be in the best interest (e.g., compromise the well-being) of the subject or that could
prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments.
7. Pregnancy as detected by a urine test.
8. Non-correctable vision or hearing problems.
9. Unwillingness or inability to complete any of the major aspects of the study protocol.
However, failing to complete some individual aspects will be acceptable (e.g., being
unwilling to answer individual items on a questionnaire).
10. MRI contraindications including: cardiac pacemaker, metal fragments in eyes/skin/body
(shrapnel), aortic/aneurysm clips, prosthesis, by-pass surgery/coronary artery clips,
hearing aid, heart valve replacement, shunt (ventricular or spinal), electrodes, metal
plates/pins/screws/ wires, or neuro/bio-stimulators (TENS unit), persons who have ever
been a professional metal worker/welder, history of eye surgery/eyes washed out
because of metal, vision problems uncorrectable with lenses, inability to lie still on
one's back for 60-120 minutes; prior neurosurgery; tattoos or cosmetic makeup with
metal dyes, unwillingness to remove body piercings, and pregnancy.
common.study.methods.has-drugs-no
common.study.methods.is-healthy-no
