Eligibility Details:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5 - 29.9 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
- Has HIV/AIDS or another disease that affects the immune system
- Has any kind of cancer
- Decline to take an HIV blood test
- Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmhg
- Pregnant or lactating women
- Refusal to take a pregnancy test prior to the study
- Refusal to use a method of birth control during the study
- Allergy to vaccine components, i.e. Thimerosal and enteric-coated capsules
- Allergy to oral typhoid vaccine
- Allergy to aspirin
- Daily use of blood thinners
- Use of anti-inflammatory medications, i.e. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAID), aspirin, 3 or more times per month
- Use of sulfonamides or antibiotics in the past 30 days
- Use of anti-hypertensive drugs, i.e. beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel
blockers
- Use of anti-malaria drugs, i.e. Mefloquine, chloroquine, and proguanil
- Use of drugs that affect the immune system, i.e. immunosuppressants, immune-modifying
drugs, corticosteroids, i.e. cortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, for 2 weeks or
longer
- Is taking cancer treatment with radiation or drugs
- Greater than ten years residence in a typhoid-endemic area
- Receipt of typhoid vaccine in the last 5 years
- Receipt of any vaccine two weeks prior to receipt of Ty21a vaccine
- Individuals at increased risk of developing complications from a live, bacterial
vaccine
- History of typhoid fever
- History of primary immune deficiency or autoimmune disease
- History of acute or chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, i.e. Crohn's disease,
irritable bowel syndrome, gastric ulcer
- Diarrheal illness (defined as passing 3 or more abnormally loose or watery stool in a
24 hour period) or persistent vomiting 2 weeks prior to the study
- History of bleeding disorder, including bleeding from the GI tract
- History of chronic illnesses, i.e. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer,
gastrointestinal malabsorption or inflammatory diseases, kidney disease, autoimmune
disorders, HIV, liver disease, including hepatitis B and C.
- Asthma if taking medication on a daily basis
- Recent surgery (within 3 months)
- History of GI surgery
- Recent hospitalization (within 3 months)
- Acute febrile illness (within 2 weeks)
- Unwillingness to discontinue consumption of artificial sweeteners in foods or drinks,
i.e. sport drinks, coconut water, "diet" drinks and foods (possibly containing
sucralose)
- Not having at least one arm vein suitable for blood drawing
- Unwilling or uncomfortable with blood draws seven times in 29 days
- Regular blood or blood product donation and refusal to suspend donation
- Current participation in another research study
- Unable to fast for 12-16 hours
common.study.methods.has-drugs-yes
common.study.methods.is-healthy-no
