Physiotherapy Program for Adhesive Capsulitis in Diabetes

This pilot randomized trial will compare the preliminary effect of a regular physiotherapy (PT) program to a regular PT combined with a progressive walking program (PT+) in patients with and without diabetes who have adhesive capsulitis. After signing the consent form, recruited participants will be randomized into either PT group (control) or PT+ group (experimental). Participants in both groups will be referred to a physical therapy facility. The intervention will be chosen by treating physical therapist. In PT+ group, participants will also be asked to perform free walking at their own pace. Outcomes measures for the primary outcome (shoulder functional performance) will be evaluated at baseline and after 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes (shoulder ROM, pain and function, muscle strength, and physical activity level) will be evaluated at baseline, at 3 and 6 weeks, and again at 12 weeks after enrolment. We expect adding a progressive walking program to regular PT will result in better outcomes.